The race for quantum technology dominance between the United States and China is heating up, with a recent study by the Centre for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS) suggesting that the US may already be behind in this emerging field.
Why quantum technology is so much important?
Quantum technology, which explores the behaviour of subatomic particles, has the potential to revolutionize various industries such as computing, data security, and navigation. However, it also has military applications that can be used to enhance military capabilities or threaten digital security systems.
The US Department of Commerce has taken initial steps to block China’s access to American quantum technology through legislation finalized in September. This move is seen as a guardrail under the 2022 Chips and Science Act and signals more actions to come.
This policy, though minor, could be an indication of the department’s future desire to prevent quantum technology inputs from reaching China in a way that mirrors semiconductor export controls, stated CSIS in their paper titled Optimizing US Export Controls for Critical and Emerging Technologies.
According to the study, China has already made significant investments in quantum technology research compared to the US. In 2020 alone, China invested US$15.3 billion while the US only invested US$3.7 billion. Additionally, China also has an advantage in some quantum raw materials and low-priced components needed for this technology.
What made China ahead of US
Recognizing its potential, China has made quantum technology a top priority in its five-year development plan for 2021-2025. They have also implemented policies to clarify the importance of quantum technology development.
With quantum technology now at the forefront of national security, CSIS suggests that the US should strengthen its relationships with European countries. This includes keeping a constant dialogue with companies located in countries that share a robust relationship with the US to build capacity and coordinate future export curbs.
Options available for US now
The Biden administration has also taken steps to protect quantum technology through an executive order on certain national security technologies and countries of concern. The fear is that if other countries gain an edge in this field, they may be able to bypass the sophisticated encryption done by traditional computers.
Conclusion
In conclusion, as the race for quantum technology dominance continues between the US and China, it is crucial for both countries to prioritize research and development in this field. With potential applications in various industries and military capabilities, quantum technology has become a critical aspect of national security.
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